🌍 H2020 EU project developing the next-generation of Earth system models in support of the Paris Agreement. From groundbreaking research to policymaking & education. 🌐 www.esm2025.eu | #ClimateResearchNet - Ended 30/11/2025 -https://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.socialhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mp6lbnmfls2kHave you ever wondered how to better engage Early Career Researchers in a research project? [contains quote post or other embedded content]26 Jun 2026 08:58 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mp6lbnmfls2khttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mfhwh7bxi42yESM2025 review process is near the end. Thank you to all who shaped this project & helped make climate science more open & relevant for Europe. The knowledge & networks created through ESM2025 will continue to support climate research, education & policy long after the project ends. #ESM2025isOver22 Feb 2026 20:00 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mfhwh7bxi42yhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mfbn7qfbcf2eESM2025 leaves a strong scientific legacy: open data, open code, 131+ peer-reviewed papers, and advances to tools like OS-MAGICC, used to explore emissions pathways and carbon budgets. Its insights feed into CMIP, community MIPs and future IPCC work. #ESM2025isOver20 Feb 2026 07:59 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mfbn7qfbcf2ehttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3meq24s6hmd2eWe also engaged directly with local stakeholders through World Café workshops, bringing together practitioners, NGOs, civil servants & scientists to discuss risks, uncertainties & climate information needs. A key lesson: Engagement works best when co-designed with the stakeholders. #ESM2025isOver13 Feb 2026 08:02 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3meq24s6hmd2ehttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3meim7rc6zk2vCheck out this great community-built resource on how to make social media work for your research project! [contains quote post or other embedded content]10 Feb 2026 09:04 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3meim7rc6zk2vhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3meepu6vkrd2sESM2025 co-organised three policy fora with the European Commission, bringing together the EU comission and researchers to discuss carbon budgets, overshoot risks, land-based mitigation and the role of Earth System Models in climate policy. #ESM2025isOver08 Feb 2026 19:59 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3meepu6vkrd2shttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3me3wdq7qld2jESM2025 also created new classroom-ready resources on climate modelling and curated material from EU climate projects — helping teachers bring up-to-date science into their lessons. Another way an EU research project can strengthen climate literacy across Europe. #ESM2025isOver05 Feb 2026 08:01 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3me3wdq7qld2jhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mduhz6py3y2mA standout part of ESM2025 was its investment in climate education. Through the Climate Education Summer Universities (CESUs), teachers from across Europe met researchers, explored climate processes and uncertainties, and exchanged approaches to climate teaching. #ESM2025isOver02 Feb 2026 08:56 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mduhz6py3y2mhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mdt4uo2dp52jESM2025 explored climate behaviour after net-zero CO₂. Cumulative emissions remain a strong predictor of warming, but small deviations can shift when temperatures peak — a critical insight for assessing overshoot pathways. #ESM2025isOver01 Feb 2026 20:04 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mdt4uo2dp52jhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mdhuh7axea2xESM2025 reinforced the basis for carbon budgets, confirming how closely global warming tracks cumulative CO₂ emissions. It also showed how non-CO₂ gases, especially CH₄, can shift the timing and scale of Paris-compatible pathways — a key nuance for 1.5°C and 2°C planning. #ESM2025isOver28 Jan 2026 08:34 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mdhuh7axea2xhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3md5qu24nxc2xESM2025 also moved towards including land-to-ocean carbon fluxes directly in Earth System Models, by coupling inland-water processes into a land surface scheme and assessing how human activities since 1850 have altered riverine carbon exports. #ESM2025isover24 Jan 2026 08:03 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3md5qu24nxc2xhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mcre2hmsrr26Carbon doesn’t flow straight from land to the open ocean. In ESM2025, we have used the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC) framework to follow carbon through rivers, floodplains, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters – and to quantify what happens along the way. #ESM2025isOver19 Jan 2026 09:42 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mcre2hmsrr26https://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mcjmvjcd6f2hBy improving how fires are represented in Earth System Models, ESM2025 helps reveal whether wildfire regimes amplify or dampen regional warming, and how smoke and particles affect pollution and atmospheric processes – key for assessing climate and environmental risks. #ESM2025isOver16 Jan 2026 07:59 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mcjmvjcd6f2hhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mcc3dfmpra2zWildfires are increasing in many regions due to climate change, land use and vegetation dynamics. ESM2025 improved how fire dynamics are simulated in Earth System Models, including their effects on carbon emissions, air quality and ecosystems. #ESM2025isOver13 Jan 2026 07:56 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mcc3dfmpra2zhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mc6cqlpehl23ESM2025 also advanced marine biogeochemical modelling. Improvements to ocean carbon and nitrogen cycles, and to marine N₂O emissions, help capture how deoxygenation and nutrient dynamics feed back on climate. #ESM2025isOver11 Jan 2026 19:58 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mc6cqlpehl23https://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mbsyulvjmi2lThe ocean absorbs and redistributes vast amounts of heat and carbon. In ESM2025, ocean models used for climate projections gained more realistic convection and eddies, improving how vertical motions and circulation are represented. #ESM2025isOver07 Jan 2026 08:02 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mbsyulvjmi2lhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3mb4hxthhzl2bIce-sheet changes unfold over centuries, which means sea level continues to rise long after temperatures stabilise. ESM2025 helped clarify these long-term feedbacks by improving how ESMs simulate ice–ocean–climate interactions and the processes behind committed sea-level change. #ESM2025isOver29 Dec 2025 09:01 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3mb4hxthhzl2bhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3manbwllxin2lIce sheets are a major source of long-term sea-level rise. ESM2025 improved how Earth System Models represent them by enabling dynamical ice-sheet components in UKESM and IPSL-ESM. These models can now simulate ice-sheet evolution in response to climate forcing & its influence on global sea level.23 Dec 2025 08:03 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3manbwllxin2lhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3ma66xaxkkg2pNitrogen was another key part of ESM2025. The project improved how terrestrial nitrogen cycles are coupled with land models, so we can better simulate how N availability affects plant growth, carbon uptake and N₂O emissions – including nitrogen released from thawing permafrost. #ESM2025isOver17 Dec 2025 07:59 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3ma66xaxkkg2phttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3m7xwlg2emq27ESM2025 strengthened how Earth System Models represent methane — from wetland emissions to the atmospheric chemistry that sets CH₄ lifetime. Models now respond more realistically to temperature, moisture and chemical changes. #ESM2025isOver14 Dec 2025 20:14 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3m7xwlg2emq27https://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3m7p4fc7fzi2yLand-based mitigation isn’t just about carbon. ESM2025 helped underline how biogeophysical effects shape the climate impact of forests. 👇🧵 #ESM2025isOver11 Dec 2025 08:04 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3m7p4fc7fzi2yhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3m7hp4vszsb2z🌱 Land-based mitigation (afforestation, reforestation, BECCS) features prominently in many climate pathways. ESM2025 looked at how current Earth System Models respond to large-scale land-based CDR, and what that means for climate. #ESM2025isOver08 Dec 2025 09:18 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3m7hp4vszsb2zhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3m7ae7mmbi52bAnother of ESM2025 strengths was the way research connected with education and policy. Not the only distinctive aspect of the project — but an important one for how results were shared and used. #ESM2025isOver05 Dec 2025 11:14 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3m7ae7mmbi52bhttps://bsky.app/profile/esm2025.bsky.social/post/3m6yiztxzeq2q💬 One of ESM2025’s strengths was strengthening the dialogue between Earth System Models and Integrated Assessment Models — not from scratch, but in a more structured and practical way than before. What changed in practice?👇🧵 #ESM2025isOver02 Dec 2025 08:19 +0000at://did:plc:4eueouejhvcixqcmiztm3mun/app.bsky.feed.post/3m6yiztxzeq2q