We read papers, so you'll want to, too. An unholy amalgation of T cell tamer @dlwagner.bsky.social and kidney lover @lostendorf.bsky.social https://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.socialhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3m5kaqnzbtk2mAdapting the 10x workflow to detect EBV reads, Younis et al show that EBV-transcribing B cells are increased in SLE patients, especially among CD27+CD21low B cells. They have autoreactive BCRs and are more poised for antigen-presentation. 2025 Sci Transl Med 🧪 ⑂ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.ady021013 Nov 2025 22:48 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3m5kaqnzbtk2mhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3m3nlp2lsws2iUbiquitinylation is more complex than just a signal for proteasomal degradation: Linear ubiquitinylation of Methionine-1 is important for NFkB signalling. LOF of the Deubiquitinylase OTULIN leads to an autoinflammatory disease with a TNF positive feedback loop. 🧪 ⑂ 1/220 Oct 2025 19:51 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3m3nlp2lsws2ihttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3m3gj4wycnk2vTregs in the skin reduce the activation of sensory neurons by producing enkephalin. This inhibits secondary inflammatory changes mediated by the neurons. (in 🐭) 🧪 ⑂ Mendoza et al 2025 in Science Immunology https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciimmunol.adz686918 Oct 2025 00:17 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3m3gj4wycnk2vhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3m2zxdteevs2hCRISPR screening factors influencing Th1 vs Th2 differentiation, RAMP3 which forms part of a CGRP receptor is a positive regulator of Th1 differention. CGRP acts by increasing intracellular cAMP and ultimately ATF3 activity it induces STAT1 and thereby Th1 differentiation. in 🐭 🧪 ⑂ 1/213 Oct 2025 00:27 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3m2zxdteevs2hhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lyjqit45bs2yPlasmacytoid dendritic cells can transition to become cDC2s under to influence of TNF, while type-I interferon reduces TNFR expression and thereby inhibits transition. These transitioned cDC2 seem fully functional. 🧪 ⑂ Hornero et al 2025 in Nat Immunol https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-025-02234-311 Sep 2025 02:51 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lyjqit45bs2yhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3ly6ojcia2k2xHorisberger et al separate Lupus nephritis patients in 3 groups by blood: healthy-like, interferon-dominant and CD8 T cell-dominant. The CD8 T cell-dominant group had the highest biopsy activity score and highest response rate after 1 year; the healthy-like the most chronic damage. 🧪 ⑂ #NephSky 1/06 Sep 2025 17:16 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3ly6ojcia2k2xhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lxubmts5qc2aA synonymous mitochondrial variant is negatively selected against in short-lived CD8 effectors – How? The variant changes tRNA pairing from Watson-Crick-Franklin to wobble, thereby reducing translational efficiency in high energy demand. 🧪 ⑂ Lareau et al – 2025 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.250570412202 Sep 2025 13:59 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lxubmts5qc2ahttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lvz7uvcuac2mEffector CD8 T cells have punctate mitochondria with loose cristae, favoring glycolysis and memory T cells elongated mitochondria with tight cristae, favoring OxPhos. Pharmacologic remodeling of mitochondria improves Teffs in adoptive transfer. 🧪 ⑂ Buck et al 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.03510 Aug 2025 02:21 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lvz7uvcuac2mhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lv7onyenek2uResting MAIT cells generally express the non-cytotoxic Granzyme K, but rapidly switch to the cytotoxic Granzyme B upon stimulation. Consequently, previously stimulated MAITs kill much more target cells than resting ones. 🧪 Kurioka et al – 2015 – @mucosalimmunol.bsky.social https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2014.8130 Jul 2025 22:36 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lv7onyenek2uhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3luec25nnzk2fMR1-presented cholic acid 7-sulfate + 3-sulfate are endogenous stimulatory ligands for MAIT cells. Stimulation is much weaker than by traditional ligand 5-OP-RU, potentially contributing to steady state activation and thymic generation of MAITs. Ito et al 2024 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.ade692420 Jul 2025 01:08 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3luec25nnzk2fhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3ltqjo2ajs22cOxidized mitochondrial DNA induces NLRP3 activation in pDCs. This leads to enhanced pDC function beyond IFNa production so that they produce IL1b, IL6 and IL21, inducing Tfh differentiation and autoimmunity (in 🐭). Xian et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-025-02179-7 🧪⑂12 Jul 2025 04:31 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3ltqjo2ajs22chttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3ltkmvp2trk2hIndividuals of subsaharan ancestry often have a Duffy Null blood group. DARC (the Duffy protein) is a multi-chemokine sink on red blood cells. Duffy Null people have lower peripheral blood neutrophil counts, likely resulting from increased neutrophil egress into the periphery. 1/209 Jul 2025 20:13 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3ltkmvp2trk2hhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lt45p7gh6k2nI thought my scRNA data is bad with all the plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing Granzyme B. Turns out, human pDCs are known producers of Granzyme B and deliver it to T cells, inhibiting T cell expansion. 🧪⑂ Jahrsdörfer et al 2010 in @bloodjournals.hematology.org https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-07-23538204 Jul 2025 02:04 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lt45p7gh6k2nhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lswmjtoun222S1P is produced in the outer lymph follicle area and degraded by B cells resulting in a negative gradient towards to follicle center. S1PR2 signalling on GC B cells leads to migration arrest, keeping B cells within the follicle. (🐭 data) Green et al 2011 🧪⑂ https://www.nature.com/articles/ni.204701 Jul 2025 21:14 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lswmjtoun222https://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lsoo4xa5kc2xSuccinate induces Treg dysfunction by inhibiting succinyl-CoA generation. Succinyl-CoA is necessary for FOXP3 succinylation and protection of FOXP3 from proteasome degradation. Wang et al – 2025 @natureportfolio.nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-025-02166-y28 Jun 2025 17:21 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lsoo4xa5kc2xhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lsmmqdvjfk25We would like to acknowledge the consistent support of the baristas at #FOCIS2025 in Boston. Keeping us fueled through all the great science over the last few days. @focisimmunology.bsky.social 🧬🧪☕️27 Jun 2025 21:51 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lsmmqdvjfk25https://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3ls5eruphwk2zHuman naive CD4 T cells cultured in high sodium and Th17 polarising conditions will produce much more IL-17 than in normal sodium conditions, an effect mediated by p38/MAPK and SGK1. Kleinewietfeld et al 2013 @natureportfolio.nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11868 #throwbayfriday 🧪⑂21 Jun 2025 20:18 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3ls5eruphwk2zhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lrvg3246jk2xBoth @immunoboys.bsky.social will be at FOCIS next week - looking forward to cool science in beautiful Boston. 🧪🔬 [contains quote post or other embedded content]18 Jun 2025 16:20 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lrvg3246jk2xhttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lrqbbxgka22pMice with low fecal IgA might be colonized be the auxotrophic Tomasiella immunophile which degrades kappa LC immunoglobulins in gut and induces disease-relevant reductions in intestinal IGs. 🧪⑂ Lu et al 2024 @science.org https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk253616 Jun 2025 15:11 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lrqbbxgka22phttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lrjhsrpda22pA 🐭 without Furin in T cells develops a spontaneous autoimmune disease with colitis and autoantibodies. This is likely because Furin in Tregs is necessary to activate TGFb, but also Furin-/- Tcons are less suppressable. #throwbayfriday 🧪⑂ Pesu et al 2008 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature0721013 Jun 2025 22:19 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lrjhsrpda22phttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lqrzzum4wk2aAfter degranulation, mast cells attract neutrophils with LTB4 and trap them inside. These trapped neutrophils provide the mast cells with nutrients and lend them neutrophil abilities like expulsing NETs and proteases. Mihlan et al 2024 @cellpress.bsky.social https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)00774-804 Jun 2025 14:41 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lqrzzum4wk2ahttps://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lq3cpxbwfs27Analysing paired samples of human blood and thoracic duct lymph, Buggert &al show that human CCR7- non-resident memory CD8 T cells separate into a CX3CR1+ exclusively intravascular, cytotoxic and a non-cytotoxic, lymphatic population. 2020 in @cellpress.bsky.social 🧪⑂ https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31536-126 May 2025 13:46 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lq3cpxbwfs27https://bsky.app/profile/immunoboys.bsky.social/post/3lofdbuu5ak2sExhausted CD8 T cells express the Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) and are found near sympathetic nerves. Activation with catecholamines leads to reduced TCR signalling and T cell function, while beta-blockade helps 🐭 Globig et al 2023 @natureportfolio.nature.com 🧪⑂ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06568-605 May 2025 02:32 +0000at://did:plc:dvohz7we7gdaa4do3itkk5ba/app.bsky.feed.post/3lofdbuu5ak2s